The study showed that those wearing seatbelts endured shortened periods of loss of consciousness and shorter hospital stays for all types of brain injury. Unbelted passengers showed more injuries to the posterior cortical rear outer portion of the brain than belted passengers. This makes sense given that seatbelts hold the body in place, creating less space for the head to gain momentum before falling back to strike the seat.
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After outgrowing rear-facing seat until at least age 5. After outgrowing forward-facing seat and until seat belts fit properly. Once seat belts fit properly without a booster seat. Related Pages. A thorough review of inpatient medical records and related examinations of all traumatic brain injury patients was carried out. Data pertaining to the identification of possible variables implicated in motor vehicle-related traumatic brain injuries were recorded; these were age, gender, and Glasgow Coma Scale GCS score.
The GCS is scored as follows: 1 severe: score of 8 or below; 2 moderate: score of 9 to 12; 3 mild: score of 13 to 15, or condition not meeting any of the above criteria. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was used to categorize the outcome on discharge: good recovery, moderate disability - disabled but independent, severe disability - conscious but dependent, persistent vegetative state, and death.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the independent factors associated with physical condition at discharge. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software version 9. A total of brain-injured patients males and females with a mean age of Of these patients, had motor vehicle accidents before the law was implemented Among those patients who had accidents, Table 1 shows the characteristics of motor vehicle occupants with and without belts.
More wore seat belts after the law was implemented. Those with seat belts had a lower median hospital stay than those without seat belts 6[4, 12] vs. In addition, Fig. Continuous variables were expressed by median and IQR, which were then compared between belted and unbelted groups by the Mann-Whitney U test.
Physical condition at discharge of belted and unbelted subjects before and after the law was implemented. Rates of motor vehicle-related traumatic brain injuries were similar in belted and unbelted occupants before the law was implemented Table 2.
Comparison of motor vehicle-related traumatic brain injuries between belted and unbelted occupants before and after implementation of the Taiwan seat belt use law. Categorical variables were expressed by count and percentage, which were then compared between belted and un-belted groups by the Chi-square test.
A logistic regression model was utilized to investigate the independent factors associated with poor physical condition including disability, vegetative state and death at discharge. For each 1 day increase in hospital stay, the odds ratio OR increased by 1.
Injuries to body regions other than the head between belted or unbelted traumatic brain-injured motor vehicle accident victims in Taiwan. Relationship between seatbelt use and poor physical condition at discharge disabled, vegetative state and death : north and east Taiwan, June —May After implementation of a seat belt law for the driver and front-seat passenger on June 1, , more Taiwanese motor vehicle accident victims According to statistics from the National Police Administration, the rate of seat belt use among persons killed in motor vehicle accidents between and was Furthermore, the rate of injury to persons with seat belts decreased annually from This study found that after the seat belt law was implemented, the seat belt use rate among drivers suffering traumatic brain injuries in accidents was only There were more traumatic brain injuries among males than among females for all age groups, with a peak in the to year-old group.
Being male was also associated with poorer physical status at discharge. This was consistent with a previous study in France Following accidents, people who used their seat-belts had an average of 2 fewer days of hospitalization than people who failed to use them. Unbelted traumatic brain injury patients result in a significant burden on hospitals in terms of increased incidence and severity of injuries to victims, use of more hospital resources, and a greater financial burden.
Results of this study were consistent with those of Metzger et al. This was approximately 7. Our data showed that seat belt use did not increase the risk of injuries to other body regions, such as the abdomen and chest. This was similar to the findings of Porter et al. Persons who fail to use their seat belts experience a far greater force of impact in an auto accident than persons who fasten their seat belts When a vehicle is in a collision, the greatest potential hazard of not wearing a seatbelt lies in the possibility of secondary impact.
It has been found from collision experiments that motorists who fail to fasten their seat belts will be propelled forward and upward due to inertia, causing their chest to strike inevitably the steering wheel, and their forehead to strike the glass of the windshield, resulting in injury. Similarly, passengers who do not use their seat belts are often killed or severely injured due to impact or being thrown from the vehicle.
When drivers do use their seat belts, the tension of the seat belt in the event of a collision will prevent their bodies from striking the steering wheel or glass of the windshield, providing an added layer of protection.
The NHTSA reports that drivers who talk on cell phones or text while driving are four times as likely to get into a car crash serious enough to injure themselves. Adults and children should wear a helmet and protective gear when participating in sports and recreational activities.
Always wear a helmet when:. Each year, millions of older adults fall, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
While one in four people fall, fewer than half tell their doctor. Falls are the most common causes of traumatic brain injury, but they can be prevented in older adults by doing the following:. No child is injury proof, but parents and caregivers can take steps to increase precautions against head injury in children.
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