Vancomycin resistant enterococci VRE. Sub Topics. No results. View More. Updated 20 Jan Share to. Copy link URL:. Blog Contact Careers Media. MyPHO Register for MyPHO to save commonly accessed resources, select areas of interest to help us recommend content most relevant to you, access online learning, and subscribe to our mailings.
Register Now. Part of your treatment may include sending samples of your blood, urine, or stool to a lab to see if you still have VRE in your body. Some people get rid of VRE infections on their own as their bodies get stronger.
This can take a few months or even longer. Other times, an infection will go away and then come back. Sometimes the infection will go away, but the bacteria will remain without causing infection. This is called colonization. As more antibiotic-resistant bacteria develop and more cases of VRE infections are documented, hospitals and other health care facilities are taking extra care to practice infection control, which includes frequent hand-washing and isolation of patients infected with VRE.
Even though most healthy people are not at risk for becoming infected or colonized with VRE, you can take steps to prevent getting a VRE infection.
Current as of: September 23, Russo MD - Internal Medicine. Author: Healthwise Staff. Medical Review: E. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use.
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Overview What are vancomycin-resistant enterococci VRE? How are VRE infections spread? What are the symptoms? How are VRE infections diagnosed? How are VRE infections treated? How can you prevent VRE infections? The mean number of outbreaks per year was seven; in nine outbreaks were observed Fig.
From 1st January to the beginning of April five outbreaks were observed, four of which were ongoing all of them located in the German-speaking part of Switzerland when the data collection ended. Only two hospitals implemented antimicrobial stewardship measures during an outbreak. In early , the emergent clone VRE ST was detected for the first time and then found to produce multiple secondary clusters at Bern University Hospital, as previously reported [ 8 ].
This outbreak was ongoing when the survey was closed. Five patients developed an invasive infection with this clone. Before this outbreak, ST had exclusively been described in Australia and New Zealand where it exhibited high transmissibility [ 9 ]. In the core gene multilocus sequence typing cgMLST , all ST isolates were found to be virtually indistinguishable, underlining the epidemiologic linkage among these cases [ 8 ].
The survey revealed an increasing number of VRE cases detected in , which correlates with an increased number of outbreaks observed in the German-speaking part of Switzerland during the first three months of Interestingly, the European map is very heterogeneous concerning the prevalence of VRE and follows no distinct geographical pattern compared to many other multi-resistant bacteria.
For example, France and Austria experienced a comparatively lower level of reported invasive isolates. To date, the reasons for the different VRE distribution in Europe remain unknown.
Recently, the efficient dissemination of a new clone ST was described in two hospitals that participated in this survey [ 8 ]. The clinical significance of this strain compared to other VRE strains remains to be determined.
However, the VRE prevalence is higher in Australia than in Switzerland and the rate of invasive infections probably reflect the high colonization prevalence in the patient population.
Certainly, this clone has been characterized by a rapid intra- and inter-hospital spread with a propensity to adapt, probably in response to specific hospital environments [ 9 , 13 ]. Moreover, a recent Swiss survey of screening practices for detecting carriers of MDROs illustrated a lack of awareness of the potential spread of VRE by means of unidentified carriers manuscript in preparation, personal communication, S.
Harbarth, Geneva. The marked upward trend in incidence is of particular concern, as several outbreaks were still ongoing in early April Moreover, a heterogeneity regarding the management of VRE outbreaks appears to characterize current infection prevention and control practices in Switzerland.
This study has several limitations. First, mean incidence rates were calculated using days as a denominator, leading to possible overestimation of the total incidence e.
Third, bacteremia and invasive infection rates should be interpreted with caution as these data were not available in all included institutions. Fourth, we excluded long-term care facilities and rehabilitation centers, which may represent an underestimated reservoir of multi-drug resistant organisms [ 14 ].
Finally, we cannot rule out the possibility that a patient with VRE carriage was recorded by more than one institution due to multiple presentations, leading to a possible overestimation of the total burden of VRE. In conclusion, these findings highlight the emergence of VRE in parts of Switzerland not affected before, probably for the most part in the nosocomial setting.
A harmonized nationwide strategy for VRE containment that includes active screening surveillance, uniform standards of detection and outbreak management, reporting at a national level with a central surveillance as well as guidance for patient transfers should therefore be implemented.
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Swiss Med Wkly. Google Scholar. Control of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in several hospitals of western Switzerland. Rev Med Suisse. Vancomycine-resistant enterocci VRE : a new reality in our hospitals. PubMed Google Scholar. Outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium clone ST, Switzerland, December to April Euro surveill.
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